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SPOWScience Paper of the Week Vol. 1 No. 1 2026-W35Edited by Dr. Son

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DDX54를 낮추면, 돌연변이가 많은데도 면역세포가 들어오지 못하던 폐암에 항-PD1 치료가 듣는다

DDX54 downregulation enhances anti-PD1 therapy in immune-desert lung tumors with high tumor mutational burden

PNAS 122(14) e2412310122 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Why this paper

The twenty-one courses on this site were built, in order, to make this one paper readable. A high mutational burden (TMB-H) is supposed to predict that immunotherapy will work — yet a large share of lung tumours stay 'immune deserts' that T cells never enter. Kwang-Hyun Cho's group at KAIST traced that to a single master regulator, DDX54, and showed that turning it down makes previously useless anti-PD1 therapy start working. Public-data analysis, network simulation, molecular mechanism and mouse experiments all live inside this one article — the whole arc of bioinformatics in a single read. That is why it is this week's paper.

Original Korean

This paper's licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) does not permit public distribution of derivative works. The Korean, high-school and executive editions live inside the signed-in classroom only.

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The courses that make this paper readable

7 courses · 140 lessons
Where are you coming from? If you come from computer science7 If you come from biology1 If you come from the bench1 The shortest road6 If you have to decide something3

You are at home with a pipette; it is the terminal that stops you.

  1. 1 Bioinformatics 20강

This order is computed from what the paper needs and how the courses depend on one another — change the paper and the order changes with it.

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768 MB · 1 core. The four editions and a cut-down notebook — real scanpy code on a 2,000-cell subsample, done in 30 seconds.

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8 GB · 4 cores, the scanpy stack installed and the raw data mounted at /data. It costs, so it sleeps after 10 idle minutes — your files stay.

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Lessons that share this paper's vocabulary
  1. /domain 1강 이름이 없으면 아무도 못 온다 DDX54 · PD-1
  2. /domain 9강 주황 구름 — 프록시를 켜면 무엇이 달라지나 DDX54 · PD-1
  3. /domain 19강 【실습】 새 서비스 하나를 세상에 내놓는다 DDX54 · PD-1
  4. /domain 20강 정리 — 5분 점검표와, 여기서 어디로 DDX54 · PD-1
  5. /bio 1강 생물정보학 첫걸음 — 세포를 숫자로 읽는다 DDX54 · PD-1
  6. /bio 5강 행으로 더할까 열로 더할까 — numpy 의 축 DDX54 · PD-1
  7. /bio 15강 핵심 유전자 확인 — 논문이 지목한 네 개 DDX54 · PD-1
  8. /bio 18강 GSEA ① — 줄을 따라 걸으며 점수 매기기 DDX54 · PD-1
  9. /viper 1강 진짜 범인은 단백질 — 왜 유전자만 봐서는 놓치는가 DDX54 · PD-1
  10. /viper 16강 그림자와 시너지 — 진짜 운전수 가려내기 DDX54 · PD-1
1 Operating Systems 20강 2 Computer Architecture 20강 3 Networks 20강 4 Domain Management 20강 5 Data Structures 20강 6 Algorithms 20강 7 Databases 20강 8 Security 20강 9 Discrete Math 20강 10 Python 20강 11 Chemistry 20강 12 Bioinformatics 1~18강 13 Linear Algebra 20강 14 Probability & Statistics 20강 15 Machine Learning 20강 16 Deep Learning 20강 17 VIPER 20강 18 DIGGIT 20강 19 Gene Hunt 20강 20 ARACNe 20강 21 Bioinfo Datasets 20강 22 Spatial 22강 23 miRNA-mRNA 20강 24 Bulk RNA-seq 20강 25 tcell 20강 26 antigen 20강 27 checkpoint 20강 28 Cell Therapy 20강 29 innate 20강 30 bcell 20강 31 immunometab 20강 32 traffic 20강 33 escape 20강 34 myeloid 20강 35 cytokine 20강 36 immunology 20강 37 Immune Map 22강 38 TIL 20강 39 Digital Twin 20강 40 Lab Chemistry 20강 41 In Vivo 1~20강 42 Humanized Mice 20강 43 Pharmacokinetics 20강 44 Toxicology & GLP 20강 45 Clinical Trials 20강 46 Phase II/III & Approval 20강 47 Epidemiology 20강 48 Flow & Histology 20강 49 Cell Culture 20강 50 Perturbation 20강 51 Molecular Assays 20강 52 Library Prep 20강 53 Illumina Sequencers 20강 54 10x Genomics 20강 55 viz 20강 56 TCGA 20강 57 tmb 20강 58 tcrhla 20강 59 Perturb-seq 20강 60 insilico 20강 61 wrn 20강 62 pdrug 20강 63 Target Discovery 20강 64 geo 20강 65 sra 20강 66 als 20강 67 gwas 20강 68 Retracing the TNIK Discovery 20강 69 Somatic Mutation Databases 20강 70 In-Silico Target Discovery Practicum 20강 71 From Inverted Papilloma to Carcinoma 20강 72 Protein Structure Prediction 20강 73 Docking and Molecular Dynamics 20강 74 Personalised mRNA Cancer Vaccine 20강 75 Endosomal Escape 20강 76 Lymph Node 20강 77 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes 20강 78 Canine Mast Cell Tumour I 20강 79 Canine Mast Cell Tumour II 20강 80 On-Demand mRNA Synthesiser I 20강 81 On-Demand mRNA Synthesiser II 20강 82 On-Demand mRNA Synthesiser III 20강 83 mRNA Synthesis Reagents 20강 84 mRNA Synthesiser Cost Analysis 20강 85 mRNA Synthesiser Mechanism 20강 86 mRNA Synthesiser Firmware 20강 87 mRNA Vaccine Design I 20강 88 mRNA Vaccine Design II 20강 89 mRNA Vaccine Design III 20강 90 mRNA Vaccine Design IV 20강 91 mRNA Vaccine Design V 20강 92 mRNA Vaccine Design VI 20강 93 mRNA Vaccine Design (Zheng) I 20강 94 mRNA Vaccine Design (Zheng) II 20강 95 mRNA Vaccine Design (Zheng) III 20강

The paper's methods, and where each is taught

16
Cell line culture 🧫 Cell Culture, First Steps
Cell growth assay 🧫 Cell Culture, First Steps
DDX54 knockdown using small interfering (si) RNA ✂️ Genetic Perturbation, First Steps
DDX54 knockdown using short hairpin (sh) RNA ✂️ Genetic Perturbation, First Steps
DDX54 deletion using CRISPR-Cas9 ✂️ Genetic Perturbation, First Steps
Western blot analysis 🧷 Molecular Assays, First Steps
Total RNA extraction and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) 🧷 Molecular Assays, First Steps
Construction of LLC1 and KLN205 syngeneic mouse models 🐁 In Vivo Experiments, First Steps
Flow cytometry analysis 💠 Flow Cytometry and Histology, First Steps
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining for histology 💠 Flow Cytometry and Histology, First Steps
Quantifying the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in whole slide images 💠 Flow Cytometry and Histology, First Steps
Preprocessing and analysis of bulk RNA sequencing 📦 Sequencing Libraries, First Steps
Library preparation and sequencing for microRNA 📦 Sequencing Libraries, First Steps
Construction and analysis of single-cell transcriptome data for infiltrated immune cells 📦 Sequencing Libraries, First Steps
Generation and analysis of spatial transcriptome data ... Xenium prime 5K 📦 Sequencing Libraries, First Steps
Statistical analysis 🐁 In Vivo Experiments, First Steps

Back issues

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2026-W40 Streamlined and on-demand preparation of mRNA products on a universal integrated platform Microsystems & Nanoengineering CC BY 4.0 2026-W39 In-Silico Drug discovery approach targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 for cancer treatment Scientific Reports CC BY 4.0 2026-W37 Single-Cell Atlas of Lineage States, Tumor Microenvironment, and Subtype-Specific Expression Programs in Gastric Cancer Cancer Discovery CC BY 4.0 2026-W36 Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the molecular and cellular reprogramming of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma Nature Communications CC BY 4.0